Drug Administration Study

DRUG ADMINISTRATION STUDY – EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Important Note

Persons reading this information should use due care and attention in interpreting the results and should always have due regard to the individual characteristics of any greyhound being treated. A “Safety Margin” of extra time accompanying the period of detection of each medication reported in these studies is suggested but the ANZGA provides withholding times and suggested “Safety Margins” purely as recommended guidelines and makes no representation and accepts no responsibility concerning the accuracy of these recommended guidelines and their applicability in the treatment of any particular greyhound.

Each study has been conducted based on results from two physically fit, adult greyhounds, in racing condition. The results of the studies should therefore not be relied upon other than as a guide and readers must take account of the natural variation between greyhounds and their ability to metabolise and excrete the different medications and their breakdown products when interpreting each study.

PREAMBLE

At the Conference of delegates of the ANZGA held in Melbourne in September 1995, approval was gained from all Controlling Authorities to participate in a drug administration study of the most commonly prescribed and dispensed registered veterinary therapeutic medications associated with inadvertent, positive, post-race urine samples (swabs).

A project was then instituted to generate “Guideline Withholding Periods” rather than “Definitive Excretion Times”, as it must be appreciated that the latter would require the involvement of a much larger number of greyhounds, and consequently, a corresponding escalation of analytical costs. Nonetheless, the protocols adopted throughout these studies are considered to be the most cost effective and informative ever to be undertaken in Australasia.

It should be noted that, throughout this report, a ‘Positive” finding may relate either to the parent drug and / or its metabolite (breakdown product) found in the post-administration urine sample, which will have been subjected to the same routine screening process by which all post-race urine samples are analysed.

This is not to imply that the medications, and / or their metabolites, would not be detectable for a longer period than that stated in the following Executive Summary Information Release, if more detailed or sophisticated procedures were to be employed.

It must be clearly stated that the dose rates of internal medications, and, the application rates of topical preparations, are at the average level of the therapeutic range recommended by the manufacturer of each particular product. The use of a lower dose rate, or lesser quantity applied, or a shorter period of use, or a reduced period of application, may reduce the appropriate Withholding Guideline Period. The use of a higher dose rate, or larger quantity applied, or a longer period of use, or an increased period of application, may increase the appropriate Withholding Guideline Period. The ANZGA, however, explicitly rejects any responsibility for any outcome resulting from interpretation, application, extrapolation, or variation of the stated procedures in the treatment of any greyhound or greyhounds.

Attention is again drawn to the fact that these studies are restricted solely to registered veterinary therapeutic medications prescribed or dispensed by registered veterinarians for the treatment of racing greyhounds. No administration study will be contemplated in relation to illegally obtained, prohibited, or banned substances.

Persons requiring more detail as to any, or each, of the drug administration studies, should apply to the relevant local Controlling Authority, or, to the office of Greyhounds Australasia Limited, formerly known as the Australian and New Zealand Greyhound Racing Association Inc., P O Box 239 Springvale 3171

COPYRIGHT NOTICE: The information contained in this Executive Summary may not be published, amended, edited, or varied in any way without the written permission of Greyhounds Australasia Limited.

CRAIG TABERNER
Chief Executive Officer
1 January 2008

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Study No.	Medication	Dose Rate Duration of Administration	Detection Period (Minimum Indication only)	Withholding Guidelines
1	Phenylbutazone (B.T.Z.)	100 mgm tablet 8 hourly for 5 days with food	48-72 hrs	120 hours ( 5 days)
2	Ketoprofen	10 mgm tablet 8 hourly for 5 days with food	24-48 hrs	72 hours (3 days)
3	Flunixin	10 mgm 8 hourly for 3 days with food	48-72 hrs	96 hours (4 days)
4	Aspirin	350 mgm 8 hourly for 5 days with food	48-72 hrs	96 hours (4 days)
5	Indomethacin (Cu-Algesic)	6 mgm once daily for 5 days	24 hrs	48 hours (2 days)
6	Dermcusal containing (a) (Salicylic Acid)(b) Dimethyl Sulphoxide DMSO)	2ml of Dermcusal to each wrist joint 12 hourly for 5 days	(a) 6 days(b) 6 days	168 hours (7 Days)
7	Isobutalone Gel (a) (Phenylbutazone)Isobutalone Gel (b) (Dimethyl/Sulphoxide DMSO)Isobutalone Gel (c) (Isepropylaminophenazone)	1 standard tspn of Isobutalone gel to each of two wrists 12 hourly for 5 days	(a) 6-7 days	192 hours (8 days)
8	DMSO Roll On (Dimethylsulphoxide) * see 14 below	Rolled on 1 wrist and 1 hock 12 hourly, for 5 days, using enough to wet hair and skin.	6-7 days	Not yet defined
9	Myoton Cream (a) Phenylbutazone (b) Lignocaine (c) DMSO	1 teaspoonful 8 hourly for 5 days massaged into both wrist joints	(a) 4-5 days (b) 7 days (c) 2-5 days	Not yet defined due to lignocaine
10	Flucort-Domoso Roll On (a) Flumesthasone (b) DMSO Gel	Rolled on to both wrists 8 hourly for 5 days using enough to wet hair and skin	(a) 5-6 days (b) 6-7 days	192 hours (8 days)
It is imperative that this information be read in conjunction with the Notes and Preamble preceding these reports
11	Dexamethasone Injection (Dexamethasone Sodium 2mg/ml)	1 millilitre (2 mg) injected under skin for one dose only	3-4 days	120 hours (5 days)
12	DADA 250	1 ml injected into muscle one dose only	Nil after 24 hours	48 hours (2 days)
13	Kynoselen Injection (Heptaminol 5 mgm/ml)	5ml (25 mgm) injected under skin one dose only	3-4 days	120 hours (5 days)
14	Domoso Roll-On (Repeat Study) (Dimethylsulphoxide - DMSO) (Topical Solution)	Rolled On 1 wrist and 1 hock 12 hourly for 5 days	5-6 days	192 hours (8 days)
15	Voren (Dexamethasone)	2 ml injected under skin one dose only	7-8 days	Not defined
16	Apomorphine Hydrochloride	Dissolving 1 biling tablet in 2ml of Sterile water and injecting under the skin.	48 hours	72 hours
17	Clanobutin injection (Bykahepar)	3ml injected into both thigh muscles total dose of 6ml	7 days	Not defined
18	Bisolvon Tablets (Bromhexine)	7.5 Tablets, twice daily for 5 days given orally	2 days in 1 dog 4 days in 1 dog	120 hours (5 days) Note variation in excretion rates
19	Clanobutin Injection (Bykahepar) Repeat of Study 17	3ml injected into both thigh muscles Total dose of 6ml	9 days in 1 dog 10 days in 1 dog	264 hours (11 days) Note variation in excretion rates
20	Fortex Tonic (Caffeine)	One Dose of 8 ml (One Capful)	24 Hours	48 Hours 2 (Days)
It is imperative that this information be read in conjunction with the Notes and Preamble preceding these reports
21	Millophyline-V Tablets (Etamyphilline)	3 tablets (=300mg) 3 Times Daily for 5 Days	Exceeding 14 Days	Not yet defined
22	Prilocaine Local Anaesthetic	One Injection of 2ml of 2% solution. Under the Skin	1 day in one dog 2 days in one dog	72 hours (3 days)
23	Myoton Cream (Repeat Study No. 1) (a) Phyenylbutazone (b) Lignocaine (c) DMSO	One level teaspoonful applied to two wrists once daily for 5 days	(a) Nil at 5 days (b) 11 days (c) Nil at 5 days	Not yet defined due to Lignocaine
24	Myoton Cream (Repeat Study No.2) (a) Phenylbutazone (b) Lignocaine (c) DMSO	One level teaspoonful applied to one wrist once daily for 5 days	(a) Nil at 5 days (b) 11 days (c) Nil at 5 days	Not yet defined due to Lignocaine
25	Carprofen	60 mgm. orally, 8 Hourly for 3 doses, then 60 mgm. 24 hourly, for 4 more doses	Nil at 24 hours	48 hours
26	Bone Radiol Liniment (a) Camphor (b) Menthol (c) Ammonia (d) Guaiacol (e) Creosote	Total of 5 ml applied once daily for 5 days	Nil at 24 hours for all ingredients	48 hours
27	Trimolone Forte (Triamcinolone Acetonide 6 mgm/ml)	Total of 1 ml injected under the skin	4 days in one dog and 5 days in one dog.	144 hours (6 Days) Note variation in excretion rates.
28	Prednisolone Acetate Suspension	2ml (20mgm), injected under the skin	Exceeding 7 days	Not yet defined
29	Buscopan Injection (a) Dipyrone (b) Hyoscine	One dose of 2.5ml injected under the skin	(a) 2-3 days (b) 4-6 days	168 hours (7 days) note variation in excretion rates
It is imperative that this information be read in conjunction with the Notes and Preamble preceding these reports
30	Clenbutarol (Ventipulmin)	1.5 Gram, 12 Hourly, for 3 days	48-72 hours	96 hours
31	Coumarin (Pyrona)	300 mgm, orally once daily, for 3 days	Nil at 24 hours	48 hours
32	Meloxicam (Metacam)	1.5 mgm / 7.5 Kg. B. Wt. in First Dose – Then 1.5 mgm / 15 Kg. B.Wt., daily for 4 days. All doses at 24 hour intervals.	3 Days in one dog 5 Days in other dog	6 Days Note variation in excretion times.
33	Robaxin (Methocarbamol)	1 Tablet (500mgm) 8 Hourly for 5 days	5 Days	6 Days
34	Prednil Tablets Each containing Prednisolone 5.0 mgm plus Chlorpheniramine Maleate 2.0 mgm	1 Tablet 8 Hourly for 5 days	Prednisolone, 3 daysChlorpheniramine, exceeding 7 days	Not yet defined due to Chlorpheniramine
35	Lignocaine 2% Solution	One dose of 3ml (60 mgm) injected under the skin	24 hours in one dog, but nil at 24 hours in the other	48 hours Note the variation in excretion rates
36	Prednefrin Forte Eye Drops Prednisolone Acetate – 1% Phenylephrine HC1 – 0.12%	One drop applied to each eye, once daily, for 5 days	Prednisolone – Nil at 24 hours Phenylephrine – Nil at 24 hours	48 hours
37	Rakelin Injection (Reserpine 0.5 mgm/ml)	0.5 ml (0.25 mgm) into muscle, once daily, for 3 days	72 hours	96 hours
38	Scourban Oral Anti-Diarrhoeal Suspension	20 ml of Scourban, (= Hyoscine HBr, 0.8 mgm), orally, 12 hourly, for 3 days	24 hours in one greyhound. Nil at 24 hours in the other greyhound.	48 hours
The medication Decort 20 (Deoxycortone acetate) is prescribed by veterinarians to combat dehydration in the racing greyhound, when administered in combination with oral electrolytes and water.
39	Decort 20 injection (20 mgm/ml)	One injection of 1.0ml (20 mgm) into muscle.	Nil at 24 hours	48 hours
The medication Amacin Eye Ointment (Neomycin + Polymixin + Bacitracin + Prednisolone 2.5 mgm/Gm) is prescribed by veterinarians to combat infections &/or inflammation in the eyes of racing greyhounds.
It is imperative that this information be read in conjunction with the Notes and Preamble preceding these reports
40	Amacin Eye Ointment containing Prednisolone 2.5mgm in each Gram	Applying 1.5cm of ointment from the tube, to each eye, twice daily, for 5 days.	Nil at 24 hours	48 hours
The medication Chlorasone Eye Ointment (Chloramphenicol 10 mgm/Gram + Hydrocortisone 5 mgm/Gram) is prescribed by veterinarians to combat infections & / or inflammation in the eye of racing greyhounds.
41	Chlorasone Eye Ointment Containing Chloramphenicol 10 mgm/Gm + Hydrocortisone 5 mgm/Gm	Applying 1.5 cm of ointment from the tube, to each eye, twice daily for 5 days	Nil at 24 hours for both the Chloramphenicol and Hydrocortisone	48 Hours
The medication EtoGesic (Containing 300 mgm of Etodolac in each Tablet) is prescribed by veterinarians to combat pain and inflammation associated with non-infectious osteoarthritis and post-surgical conditions in greyhounds
42	EtoGesic(Etodolac) Tablets	Administer 1.5 tablets(=450 mgm Etodolac), once daily, for 5 days	4 Days in one dog, 5 Days in one dog	6 Days Note variation in excretion rates
It is imperative that this information be read in conjunction with the Notes and Preamble preceding these reports

(Drug Summary/Revised 21.2.2002)

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